Insulin resistance
Research Summary

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References
  • Würtz P. Branched-chain and aromatic amino acids are predictors of insulin resistance in young adults. Diabetes Care. 2013 Mar;36(3):648-55.

Branched-chain and aromatic amino acids are markers of the development of insulin resistance in young, normoglycemic adults, with most pronounced associations for men. These findings suggest that the association of branched-chain and aromatic amino acids with the risk for future diabetes is at least partly mediated through insulin resistance.

  • Würtz P. Metabolic signatures of insulin resistance in 7,098 young adults. Diabetes. 2012 Jun;61(6):1372-80.

Branched-chain and aromatic amino acids, gluconeogenesis intermediates, ketone bodies, and fatty acid composition and saturation were associated with HOMA-IR (P < 0.0005 for 20 metabolite measures). Nonetheless, metabolic signatures extending beyond obesity and lipid abnormalities reflected the degree of insulin resistance evidenced in young, normoglycemic adults with sex-specific fingerprints.

  • . Circulating branched-chain amino acid concentrations are associated with obesity and future insulin resistance in children and adolescents. Pediatr Obes 2013;8:52-61.

Elevations in the concentrations of circulating BCAAs are significantly associated with obesity in children and adolescents, and may independently predict future insulin resistance.

  • M Guevara-Cruz et al. Amino acid profiles of young adults differ by sex, body mass index and insulin resistance. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2018 Apr;28(4):393-401.

This study demonstrates that young adults with obesity or IR have altered amino acid profiles characterized by an increase in alanine, aspartate, proline and tyrosine and a decrease in glycine.

  • Tai ES.  Insulin resistance is associated with a metabolic profile of altered protein metabolism in Chinese and Asian-Indian men. Diabetologia. 2010 Apr;53(4):757-67.

Insulin resistance (IR) is associated with obesity, but can also develop in individuals with normal body weight. We employed comprehensive profiling methods to identify metabolic events associated with IR, while controlling for obesity.

  • Yamada C. Association between insulin resistance and plasma amino acid profile in non-diabetic Japanese subjects. J Diabetes Investig. 2015 Jul;6(4):408-15.

The present study shows that the insulin resistance-related change in amino acid profile is also observed in non-diabetic Japanese subjects. These amino acids include BCAAs (Valin, isoleucine and leucine) and aromatic amino acids (tyrosine and phenylalanine), in agreement with previous studies carried out using different ethnic groups with different degrees of obesity and insulin resistance.

  • Huffman KM. Relationships between circulating metabolic intermediates and insulin action in overweight to obese, inactive men and women. Diabetes Care. 2009 Sep;32(9):1678-83. 

In addition to the well-recognized risks for insulin resistance, elevated concentrations of large, neutral amino acids were independently associated with insulin resistance.

  • Dioguardi FS. Wasting and the substrate-to-energy controlled pathway: a role for insulin resistance and amino acids. Am J Cardiol. 2004 Apr 22;93(8A):6A-12A.
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