- Priya Reddy et al. Amino acid levels in nascent metabolic syndrome: A contributor to the pro-inflammatory burden. J Diabetes Complications. 2018 May;32(5):465-469.
Our novel results suggest that with regards to the cardio-metabolic risk factors and pro-inflammatory features of MetS, isoleucine (BCAA) demonstrated a positive correlation while lysine demonstrated a negative correlation. Thus, increased levels of isoleucine and decreased levels of lysine could be potential early biomarkers of MetS.
- A Ntzouvani et al. Amino acid profile and metabolic syndrome in a male Mediterranean population: A cross-sectional study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2017 Nov;27(11):1021-1030.
The BCAA/AAA pattern was positively associated, while the Gln/Gly/Ser/Asn pattern was inversely associated with established cardiometabolic risk factors and MetS.
- Jackson A. Roberts et al. Blood Metabolite Signature of Metabolic Syndrome Implicates Alterations in Amino Acid Metabolism: Findings from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) and the Tsuruoka Metabolomics Cohort Study (TMCS). Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 13;21(4):1249
Our results suggest that fundamental alterations in amino acid metabolism may be central features of MetS.
- Natsu Yamaguchi et al. Plasma free amino acid profiles evaluate risk of metabolic syndrome, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension in a large Asian population. Environ Health Prev Med. 2017 Apr 7;22(1):35.
We confirmed the usefulness of PFAA profiles and indexes as markers for evaluating the risks of lifestyle-related diseases, including diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, and hypertension in a large Asian population.
- Marta Siomkajło et al. Specific plasma amino acid disturbances associated with metabolic syndrome. Endocrine. 2017 Dec;58(3):553-562
MS is associated with selective BCAA and AAA profile disturbances, which could be part of cardiometabolic disease pathogenesis and derive neither directly from insulin sensitivity impairment, nor obesity or muscle mass.
- Jiyoung Moon et al. Alterations in Circulating Amino Acid Metabolite Ratio Associated with Arginase Activity Are Potential Indicators of Metabolic Syndrome: The Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. Nutrients. 2017 Jul 12;9(7):740.
This study demonstrated that altered ratios of circulating amino acid metabolites indicates increased arginase activity and decreased arginine bioavailability, both of which can be potential markers for MetS risk.
- Miho Iida et al. Profiling of plasma metabolites in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome. Menopause. 2016 Jul;23(7):749-58.
Thirteen metabolites were significantly related to MetS: multiple plasma amino acids were elevated in women with MetS, including branched-chain amino acids, alanine, glutamate, and proline; and alpha-aminoadipate, which is generated by lysine degradation, was also significantly increased.
- Fanyi Zhong et al. Targeted High Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry-based Metabolomics differentiates metabolic syndrome from obesity. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2017 Apr;242(7):773-780.
Taken together, this metabolic profiling approach can potentially serve as a novel tool for MetS detection and monitoring, and provide useful metabolic information for future interventions targeting obesity and MetS.
- Nina Mohorko et al. Elevated Serum Levels of Cysteine and Tyrosine: Early Biomarkers in Asymptomatic Adults at Increased Risk of Developing Metabolic Syndrome. Biomed Res Int. 2015; 2015:418681.
- Minoru Yamakado et al. Plasma Free Amino Acid Profiles Predict Four-Year Risk of Developing Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome, Dyslipidemia, and Hypertension in Japanese Population. Sci Rep. 2015; 5: 11918.